Site structures:

Hierarchy- Much like how you divide a book into chapters into sections into paragraphs into sentences into words into letters. New websites are encouraged to use a broad and shallow hierarchy technique so it can easily be added on to. If the main place has more than 10 options it may be hard for viewers to find what they are looking for.

Hypertext- is a non-linear structure. Hyperlinks connect page to page. The hyperlinks can be text, data, image, video, and audio chunks. This kind of site can confuse viewers because it may be hard to retrace your steps to find a certain page. If you pair this hypertext model with the hierarchy model it may be easier to navigate.

Database- This is where you search for specific data by typing in a keyword tagged to that data. This model is best for catalogs and archives with lots of information.

Sequences- Just a straight line of pages. Good if you have a four or five page article. Not a very good layout for a website with multiple purposes or a site with lots of content. Linear sequences may have pages of supporting digression that come off of the main sequence.

Webs- Each page has several links that go to the other pages; giving the viewer a free flow of ideas. All though these pages allow users to follow their interest they can be confusing and easy to get lost in.

Weinberger Summary:

Weinberger’s main points are the three orders. The first order talks about physical order, for example, books on a bookshelf. In this order there is no catalog so you just have to look through and find what you want which may take a long time. The second order is cataloging or indexing. This is a tool for the first order to make it more organized and easier to find. The third order is everything being miscellaneous. The third order is the internet. On the internet nothing is organized everything is stored on disks that no one quite knows where on. When you type in a keyword the information is pulled out of the randomness. Weinberger also talked a lot about tags because they tie randomness on the web together.


Jenkins Summary:

Jenkins says "We are in a culture of convergence". Convergence is when there are multiple media systems that work together so media content can flow freely between them. Something on TV can be live stream to the internet and someone can take that and email it to their friends phone. Old media dies out like 8-track and new media replaces it like MP3. Our culture loves multitasking and the more things the device can do the more we love it (iPone). Jenkins talks about how we take in media. How we socialize on the internet about reality TV shows like survivor and American Idol. Jenkins also discusses how convergence culture is enabling new forms of participation and collaboration.


Key Terms:

Metadata- are all those files on the internet. Metadata is very important in Weinberger's book because he tries to explain the organization of data. In his third order, he talks about the messy randomness of metadata on the internet. Metadata is extremely important because it is replacing much of the old forms of data like newspapers and DVD's.

Tagging- Weinberger discusses how files are tagged with names that are associated with it so if you search that word that file can be pulled out of the randomness. Tags are an easy was of organization on the internet that allows something to pop up when we type in the search bar; and is a major means of organization on the web today.

Filtering- Weinberger talks about how the internet filters on its way out. No longer do you need to go through editors before you publish something. The internet lets people put up anything they want from there it is filtered by people tagging it, commenting, rating, and sharing it.

web 2.0- is the collaboration of the web. The internet is ran by users. Weinberger and Jenkins talk about user generated content being filtered by users for users. Without users working and sharing together the web would not exist as we know it today.

Convergence- Convergence is when there are multiple media systems that work together so media content can flow freely between them. This is now how our culture communicates.

Remix- This is a very important term because it is what Lessig is all about. A remix is created out of already made product. For example a song made out of five already recorded songs.

Participatory culture- is the user generated content of the internet. Most of the internet's content is user generated and consumed by users. Websites like Wikipedia and YouTube count on participating users to generate the content for users to view. Users produce, filter, and consume all by themselves.


Connections:

Jenkins is related to Lessig because he talks about fans writing their own Harry Potter Stories and Photoshoped Politicians which are both what I would consider Remixes. Jenkins talks about "Evil Bert" which is a Photoshoped Bert from Sesame street in with Bin Laden. I think Lessig would think this is a creative remix that should be allowed by copyright laws. Both Jenkins and lessig talk about how the internet or convergence culture has allowed new ways to collaborate.

All three books talk about how the culture is changing because of Web 2.0. Weinberger talks about how this new way of communicating is randomly organized and is fed by users. Jenkins talks about this new way of culture is replacing much of the old form of media; for example, CD to MP3. Lessig talks about how this new culture wants to be free. All this metadata on the internet wants to be free. No longer are people going to a store to buy music they are downloading it from the internet. You can find almost anything on the internet for free.


Conclusion:

All three of these books will help in building a website for the community actions center. Weinberger showed the importance of organization in a random world or the internet. If the site has a search option there will need to be tags in place to find the content you are looking for. After reading Jenkins the site needs to incorporate the new ways of culture. These site needs room for users to communicate in a message board, Facebook , or twitter page. Finally, Lessig will help with the final project because he discusses copyright law. I'll remember that the laws aren't how Lessig wished they were yet so if I use a picture from the internet on the site I need permission to use it. Don't want to get sued :)

Summary:
We are in a culture of convergence. Convergence is when there are multiple media systems that work together so media content can flow freely between them. Something on TV can be live stream to the internet and someone can take that and email it to their friends phone. Old media dies out like 8-track and new media replaces it like MP3. Our culture loves multitasking and the more things the device can do the more we love it (iPone). Old regular phones that only had the function to call someone have died out and the companies have had to change their product to multitask. Now our phones can e-mail, play music, surf the web, be a calculator or GPS, or call people.

Quotes:
"Predicted a period of prolonged transition, during which the various media systems competed and collaborated, searching for the stability that would always elude them."

"They wake up together, work together, eat together, and go to bed together even though they live miles apart and may have face-to-face contact only a few times a month. We might call it telecocooning."

Connection:
The first quote I wrote down reminds me of the HD Blu-ray battle. I remember at the time I thought HD was going to win and Blu-ray sounded weird. Turns out I was wrong and now all of our DVD's are offered in Blu-ray.

Weinberger:
I think this book relates to Weinberger's third order. Winberger talked about how the internet is miscellaneous and I think that has something to do with convergence culture. The reason the internet is so huge is because it can do some many things and be transmitted across so many new devices. While Weinberger mostly talked about organization he also talked new technologies having the ability to multitask. Jenkins also talks about new devices taking over several old devices. This new idea of a product having more abilities will only grow. Our children will think our phones are boring because their phones will have so much more.

Everything is Miscellaneous by David Weinberger was written on a topic I’m interested in.... but his writing style made me completely uninterested in reading the book. Weinberger writes in a very fragmented way and also jumps from topic to topic. The book does have some main points but his random chatter throughout the book clutters them. Everything really is miscellaneous in this book. (This is in my opinion, sorry for not liking it).

From what I understood Weinberger’s main points are the three orders. The first order talks about physical order, for example, books on a bookshelf. In this order there is no catalog so you just have to look through and find what you want which may take a long time.

The second order is cataloging or indexing. This is a tool for the first order to make it more organized and easier to find. One example I though was interesting in the book was the Corbis photos. The photos were cataloged digitally with digital photos on the internet. With this kind of catalog of the contents of the collection it is much easier to find that flipping through each photo by hand like you would in the first order.

The third order is everything being miscellaneous. The third order is the internet. On the internet nothing is organized everything is stored on disks that no one quite knows where on. When you type in a keyword the information is pulled out of the randomness. Weinberger also talked a lot about tags because they tie randomness on the web together.

Overall, Weinberger did bring up some interesting issues that I had not thought about before like organization of the internet. When I build a website I think about my personal website organization. But websites in general are only connected by links to one another. Search sites like Google are what really makes the internet useful, without Google or Bing you would have to know that long address of some site on your own.

So what? The subject matter of this book is very important to DTC majors because we must be experts in digital technology and that includes its organization. The only way people really get to your site is if they click on a link from another site. As possible web designers we need to know how to organize on the internet so users can easily find the information they are looking for. The web is really one big mess of sites so you have to know how to make yours be found in all of it.

Chapter 8

Point:
Chapter 8 , What Nothing Says, is about labels and metadata. The chapter talks about signs becoming implicit so that the meaning is conveyed without words. The chapter discusses the difference between the implicit and the explicit. We rely on the implicit to know what to do, but it is always changing. On the internet there is much left unsaid. Tags only use one or two words. Like on flicker you are not quite sure what you are going to get by looking at the tag you have to look at the picture.

So what?:
This chapter is important because as a DTC major I will most likely be designing websites and graphics. On the internet not everything can use words to explain. When you want to place a button but you don't want to place texts on it you need to do something that lets people know what it does without words.

Chapter 9

Point:
Chapter 9, Messiness As A Virtue, is about organization. Printed pictures can be sorted out by good or bad but with a digital camera now days there are thousands of photos which is too many to organize in detail. Most things in our world can be sorted alphabetically, numerically, by color, by size, and a infinite amount more. The worldwide web has so much information it is impossible to be completely organized. The internet in not governed and anyone can post, link and put on whatever they please. Some sites help users find what they are looking for like Google, Bing, and many others.

So what?:
This chapter is important to DTC majors because we will be working with the internet. In all that mess we need to be able to make websites that users can find. Once they get to the site we need to be able to organize our information in such a way that it is easily navigated. As more and more information is being put on the internet every minute it is just getting to be a bigger mess. As a DTC major we need to be able to navigate our way through that information and make sites that are organized.

Chapter 5

Summary:
Chapter five talks about organization by classification. It goes into depth about how things are broken down into categories that make sense. Chapter five talks about how encyclopedias are broken down and then talks about how web pages are broken down. Chapter five also talks about tagging in detail. Tagging lets each individual person put things into categories that makes sense to them.

Quotes:
"Users have uploaded over 225 million photos onto Flickr, the photo-sharing site- and are currently adding about 900,000 per day- and have applied 5.7 million different tags a total of 540 million times."

"Wikipedia had more people reading its pages than the New York Times' Web site did."

Connection:
When they were talking about tags I thought about my FA322 class. We had to post picture on to flickr and place them into the correct class, then the right assignment, finally we tagged the picture with our student ID number so the teacher could grade it. With people tagging things into categories ours would make no sense with student ID numbers.

Chapter 6

Summary:
The chapter talked about barcodes and RFID tags. The chapter talked about barcodes as smart leaves. The chapter also discussed how RFID tags are now replacing some barcodes because they can carry more information. Barcodes changed how retail business operates because it makes replacing items easier.

Quotes:
"In the third order, stamping an ID on a leaf often is what turns it into a leaf in the first place."

"There's something comforting about the sight of cards spooning in a card catalog."

"And if a West Coast scientist comes to the East Coast and catches a Sarda sarda, she'll exclaim, "Wow, look at the size of that skipjack!"

Connection:
I am very familiar with barcodes. I spent my whole summer being a checker for JC Penny. I know how barcodes go missing, don't scan, and come up unidentified all too well.

Prologue:

Summary:

This chapter was about information in space. It talks about how stores like Staples organize their stores to make buyers happier and buy more. This chapter also discusses how the digital world can hold much more information and product that the physical world yet still stay organized.

Quotes:

"Because the alternative universe exist. Every day, more of our life is lived there. It's called the digital world."

"you'll find doggie treats below eye level because it's something kids are more likely than their parents to put in the cart."

"A messy store is a disordered store is a failed store."

Connection:

I thought it was funny that the chapter mentioned that stores place dog biscuits at child eye height. When I was a kid I always begged my parents to get pet toy or treat for my dog or cat.

Chapter 1:

Summary:

This chapter was about the new order of order. This chapter discussed the organization of digital information. This chapter talked about digital music like iTunes and digital photo sites like flickr and photo bucket.

Quotes:

"By making music miscellaneous, Apple has captured more than 70 percent of the market."

"Bill Gates bought the Bettmann Archive, the most prestigious collection of historic photos in the United States, so he could bury it."

Connection:

When I read that iTunes has 70% of the music market I thought about how this book was published in 2007 and now iTunes probably has even more. It reminds me of Christmas, an exchange of iTunes gift cards. I got three just in stockings.

Chapter 2:

Summary:

Chapter 2 discussed Alphabetizing and order. Humans always try to create order by alphabetizing or organizing data in a easy to use way like the periodic table for chemicals. The book also discusses natural order and the order of Heaven.

Quotes:

"AAAAA Towing gets the most calls and kids named Zywitz get their snacks last."

"Alphabetical order is unnatural and arbitrary, it took a long time to be accepted."

Connection:

When the book said "kids named Zywitz get their snacks last" it made me laugh because my first name starts with an "A" and my last with a "C" so I was usually always one of the first. I had a best friend with the last name that started with "W" and we would joke about me getting to go first. Then one day in class we were choosing something really fun like the first people to go hold the kittens from the humane society and I was smiling because I thought I would be in the first group then my teacher changed things up and started with the end of the alphabet.